Grain yield and population densities of new corn hybrids released by the INIFAP and UNAM for the High Valleys of Mexico†

Keywords: hybrids, male sterility, population densities, Zea mays L.

Abstract

In Mexico, corn (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important cereals from the alimentary, industrial, social, political, and cultural points of view. It is grown in different agroecological niches, water regimes, and management systems. The objective of the present research work was to study the optimum plant density per area unit and its effect on grain yield and agronomical characteristics of different corn hybrids. Six corn hybrids (H-51 AE, H 53 AE, H 47 AE, H 49 AE, Tsíri PUMA, and H-48) and three plant densities (50 000, 65 000, and 80 000 plants ha-1) were evaluated. Sowing was done during the spring-summer season, 2015, in field owned by the FESC-UNAM and CEVAMEX-INIFAP. A completely randomized block design was used with four replicates. Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) were detected for genotypes (G) in the variables of grain yield, plant height, ear height, days to male and female flowering, volumetric weight, grain weight, ear length, and grains per ear. Moreover, the effect of the environment (E) was significant (P ≤ 0.05) for the same variables, with the exception of ear length. No significant differences (P ≥ 0.05) were registered for the densities factor (D). Only the G×E interaction had significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) in the grain yield trait. The better environment was CEVAMEX, with a mean yield of 5497 kg ha-1. The Tsíri PUMA hybrid had the best grain yield with 5856 kg ha-1. Although there were no differences for the studied interactions, the 65 000 plants ha-1 population density was the most appropriate. The densities factor did not affect the performance of the evaluated hybrids. Therefore, we recommend using 65 000 plants ha-1 to avoid investing in large amounts of seeds.

Author Biography

Alejandro Espinosa-Calderón, INIFAP

Investigador de maíz en INIFAP desde 1979, Profesor en FESC-UNAM desde 1982. 117 tesis dirigidas. Generó y/o desarrollo 73 híbridos y variedades de maíz (INIFAP y FESC-UNAM). Genero primeros híbridos públicos con esterilidad masculina y restauración de fertilidad en México. Miembro del Sistema Nacional de Investigadores (S N I) desde 1986, Nivel III desde 2003. Miembro de Academia Mexicana de Ciencias. Premio Biotecnología y Ciencias Agropecuarias, Edo. México 2009. Presea EdoMex en Ciencias 2018, Miembro y Coordinador del Consejo Consultivo Científico (CCC-CIBIOGEM), 2007-2009. Miembro de Comisión Dictaminadora Área VI del S N I, varias veces. Comisión Revisora (2015) y Comisión Transversal de Tecnología. Miembro Fundador de UCCS y presidente 2018. Fundador de UCCS NAL (Argentina).

Published
2020-07-04
Section
Scientific Papers

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