Estimación del Potencial de Captura de Carbono por Sistemas de Labranza de Conservación en Suelos de Nayarit, México
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.28940/terralatinoamericana.v44i.2225Palabras clave:
Cambisol, Fluvisol, Luvisol, RothC-26.3, teledetecciónResumen
Las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero han causado inequívocamente, el calentamiento mundial y el cambio climático que se ha documentado en las últimas décadas. La implementación de prácticas de labranza de conservación (LC) ha sido promovida para reducir la degradación del suelo y, como estrategia de mitigación del cambio climático a través de la recarbonización del suelo. El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar el potencial de captura de carbono orgánico del suelo (COS) bajo LC con 35 % de cobertura del suelo (2 Mg de residuos de cosecha ha-1) o con 100% de cobertura del suelo (4.66 Mg o 5.64 Mg de residuos de cosecha ha-1), comparado con labranza tradicional (LT). En el estado de Nayarit, México, se ubicaron tres sitios de estudio manejados con el sistema mixto cultivo/ganado en las unidades de suelo con mayor aptitud para la producción agrícola (Fluvisol, Luvisol y Cambisol). Se usó el modelo RothC-26.3 para simular la dinámica del COS en veinte años. El factor c de dicho modelo se midió mediante el análisis multitemporal con imágenes satelitales de la plataforma Landsat. Los resultados mostraron que en los tres sitios/suelos, la LT conduciría a una tasa promedio de pérdidas de COS de 0.119 Mg ha-1 año-1 a 0.341 Mg ha-1 año-1, mientras que bajo LC, el modelo predijo tasas promedio de acumulación de 0.084 Mg ha-1 año-1 a 0.650 Mg ha-1 año-1, con excepción del suelo Fluvisol con LC y cobertura de 35%, en el cual las simulaciones mostraron una pérdida promedio de COS de 0.129 Mg ha-1 año-1. El estudio concluyó que el COS capturado dependió principalmente del contenido de arcilla y de la cantidad de residuos utilizados como cobertura del suelo, particularmente en Fluvisoles, donde esta debe ser >35% (>2 Mg residuos de cosecha ha-1 año-1) para lograr tasas positivas de captura de COS.
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