Efecto de Bioestimulantes Microbianos sobre el Rendimiento y Calidad de Fruto de Tomate Cherry (Solanum lycopersicum L. var. cerasiforme)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.28940/terralatinoamericana.v44i.2418Palabras clave:
Azospirillum brasilense, compuestos bioactivos, condiciones de invernadero, fisicoquímicosResumen
El tomate cherry (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) es un cultivo de gran importancia económica debido a su elevada demanda para su consumo en fresco y por los beneficios de sus compuestos bioactivos para la salud humana. Sin embargo, la aplicación excesiva de agroquímicos al cultivo ha generado un impacto negativo al ambiente, a la salud humana y animal, por ello se buscan alternativas que disminuyan estos efectos como lo son los microorganismos bioestimuladores vegetales. Por lo anterior, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis y Azospirillum brasilense como bioestimulantes de parámetros de calidad y rendimiento en tomate cherry bajo invernadero. Se utilizó un diseño experimental completamente al azar con cinco tratamientos y 44 repeticiones por tratamiento, donde: T1 = Fertilizante químico (FQ) al 100%, T2: FQ al 50% + T. harzianum, T3: FQ al 50% + B. subtilis, T4: FQ al 50% + A. brasilense y T5: FQ al 50% + Consorcio (T. harzianum, B. subtilis y A. brasilense). Se evaluaron variables morfológicas, fisicoquímicas y compuestos bioactivos del fruto. Los resultados obtenidos se sometieron a un análisis de varianza (ANOVA) y prueba de Tukey
(p < 0.05) en el programa STATISTICA v. 12.0. para Windows. El análisis estadístico mostró diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos, destacando las plantas del tratamiento 4: FQ al 50% + A. brasilense, las cuales obtuvieron los mayores valores en el peso del racimo, peso del fruto, diámetro ecuatorial y polar, SST, vitamina C, licopeno, β-caroteno, color y rendimiento. Sugiriendo que la inoculación con Azospirillum brasilense más una dosis reducida de fertilizantes químicos puede ser una alternativa para aumentar la calidad y rendimiento del tomate cherry bajo condiciones de invernadero.
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